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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 42(5): 552-557, Sept.-Oct. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132123

ABSTRACT

There is increasing recognition that, in a high percentage of cases, bipolar disorder is a progressive illness. Multiple types of sensitization (or increased reactivity to repetition of the same stimulus) drive illness progression. One of the clearest is that of episode sensitization, where increased numbers of prior episodes are associated with: faster recurrences; more dysfunction; disability; social, educational, and employment deficits; suicide; medical comorbidities; cognitive dysfunction; and an increased incidence of dementia in old age. Repetition of stressors and bouts of substance abuse can also result in sensitization. Each type of sensitization appears to have an epigenetic basis, such that preventing sensitization should minimize the accumulation of adverse epigenetic chemical marks on DNA, histones, and microRNA. New data emphasize the importance of early, consistent intervention after an initial manic episode. The cognitive dysfunction associated with a first episode improves only if there are no further episode recurrences during the next year. A randomized study has also shown that comprehensive multimodal prophylactic intervention for 2 years leads to improvements in illness course extending over a total of 6 years. Intensive treatment of the earliest stages of bipolar disorder can thus exert lasting positive effects on the course of illness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bipolar Disorder/prevention & control , Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders , Recurrence , Comorbidity , Disease Progression
2.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 41(2): 29-33, mar-apr/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-712801

ABSTRACT

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) patients have been reported to be associated higher creativity abilities, and recent data tend to support the hypothesis that dopaminergic system that could be associated with creativity. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the major enzymes involved in the metabolic degradation of dopamine. The COMT gene polymorphism (rs4680 or Val158Met) Met allele is reported to cause decreased activity of this enzyme in prefrontal cortex and improve performance in several cognitive domains. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Val158Met on creativity in BD type I and healthy controls. Methods: Ninety-seven healthy volunteers and 120 BD type I were genotyped for COMT rs4680 and tested for creativity (Barrow Welsh Art Scale – BWAS) and intelligence Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Results: COMT Met allele positively influenced creativity scores in healthy controls but not in BD subjects during mood episodes and euthymia. The presence of allele Met did not influence IQ scores. No influence of IQ total score on creativity was observed. Limitations control group presented higher IQ scores and euthymic group was under medication use. Discussion: Our research suggests positive effect of COMT rs4680 (allele Met) on creativity scores in healthy controls. One possible interpretation is that creativity is more likely to be associated with lesser degrees of bipolarity. The fact that the same results were not observed in BD may be associated to dysfunctions in the dopaminergic system that characterizes this disorder. Further studies with larger samples and other types of BD should explore the role of the dopaminergic system in creativity...


Contexto: O transtorno bipolar (TB) geralmente é associado a pessoas com maiores habilidades criativas, e dados recentes apontam que o sistema dopaminérgico pode estar relacionado à criatividade. A enzima catecol-O-metiltransferase (COMT) é um dos principais agentes envolvidos na degradação metabólica da dopamina. O gene da COMT apresenta um polimorfismo (rs4680 ou Val158Met) no qual o alelo Met se associa a uma diminuição da atividade enzimática da COMT, levando a um melhor desempenho em testes cognitivos. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do polimorfismo funcional Val158Met na criatividade de pacientes com TB e em controles. Métodos Noventa e sete voluntários saudáveis e 120 pacientes com TB tipo I foram genotipados para COMT rs4680 e testados para criatividade (Barrow Welsh Art Scale – BWAS) e inteligência (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence – WASI). Resultados: O alelo Met da COMT associou-se a maiores pontuações na escala de criatividade na amostra de controles saudáveis, mas o mesmo não foi observado em pacientes com TB. A presença do alelo Met não influenciou a pontuação de QI em nenhum dos grupos. O grupo controle apresentava QI médio maior que o grupo TB; o grupo TB estava em uso de múltiplas medicações no momento das avaliações. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem influência positiva do alelo Met do COMT rs4680 na criatividade de controles saudáveis. Isso sugere que a criatividade seja uma função possivelmente associada a menores graus de bipolaridade do que nos pacientes com TB tipo I. O fato de não termos observado influência do alelo Met nos resultados dos pacientes com TB pode ser justificado pelo fato de que justamente alterações nesse sistema sejam uma das características básicas do TB. É necessário maior número de estudos commaiores tamanhos amostrais para explorar mais detalhadamente o papel do sistema dopaminérgico na criatividade...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Catechol O-Methyltransferase , Creativity , Depression , Dopamine , Bipolar Disorder
3.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 30(3): 243-245, set. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-493779

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: There is a growing amount of data indicating that alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and increased oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In light of recent evidence demonstrating that brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are decreased in situations of increased oxidative stress, we have examined the correlation between serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a measure of lipid peroxidation, and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in bipolar disorder patients during acute mania and in healthy controls. RESULTS: Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were negatively correlated in bipolar disorder patients (r = -0.56; p = 0.001), whereas no significant correlation was observed in the control group.. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that alterations in oxidative status may be mechanistically associated with abnormal low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor observed in individuals with bipolar disorder.


OBJETIVO E MÉTODO: Existem crescentes evidências indicando que alterações no fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro e aumento do estresse oxidativo podem estar envolvidos na fisiopatologia do transtorno bipolar. Considerando os achados recentes de que os níveis de fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro estão diminuídos em situações de aumento de estresse oxidativo, nós testamos a correlação entre os níveis séricos de substâncias reativas do ácido tiobarbitúrico, um índice de peroxidação lipídica, e os níveis séricos de fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro em pacientes portadores de transtorno bipolar durante mania aguda e em controles saudáveis. RESULTADOS: Os níveis séricos de substâncias reativas do ácido tiobarbitúrico e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro apresentaram uma correlação negativa em pacientes bipolares (r = -0,56; p = 0,001), enquanto não houve correlação significativa no grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem que alterações de estresse oxidativo podem ser mecanisticamente associadas com níveis reduzidos de BDNF observados em indivíduos com transtorno bipolar.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Acute Disease , Biomarkers/blood , Bipolar Disorder/blood , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis
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